Before the turn of the century, W.D. Hoard recognized that the dairy cow was one of Wisconsin's most valuable renewable resources. The former Wisconsin Governor and dairy industry pioneer believed in treating animals with respect and compassion. Farmers today believe that good animal care practices lead to the production of high-quality, safe and wholesome milk. A dairy farmer's #1 job is to take care of the cows. The more comfortable and healthy a cow is, the happier she is and the more milk she gives.
Wisconsin dairy farmers turn to many animal well-being practices, including nutritious diets, comfortable living conditions and good medical care to help maintain a healthy, productive herd. Typical practices on Wisconsin modern farms include:
Shelter and Food
Dairy cows have access to feed, as well as fresh, clean water 24 hours a day. Some dairy farms use "free-stall housing," which is a type of barn that allows cows to eat, drink and sleep whenever and wherever they choose. Regardless of the type of barn, dairy farmers focus on proper ventilation and protection from the elements, along with exercise and comfortable, clean bedding.
Many Wisconsin dairy farmers also employ professional nutritionists to develop a scientifically formulated, balanced and nutritious diet for their cows. Diets often include hay, grains, protein sources and vitamins and minerals.
Health and Medical Attention
Cows receive regular veterinary care, including periodic check-ups, preventative vaccinations and prompt treatment of illness. A cow that is being treated with antibiotics is separated so her milk does not enter the food supply. Her milk is discarded until the antibiotics have cleared her system. All milk is tested for antibiotics on the farm and at the processing plant. Any milk that tests positive is disposed of immediately and does not get into the food supply.
"The cow is the foster mother of the human race. From ancient days to this time have the thoughts of men turned to this kindly and beneficial creature as one of the chief sustaining forces of human life."
~ W.D. Hoard, Hoard's Dairyman Magazine (1885)
Calves
Most farms separate the calf from the cow within hours of birth because a newborn calf is extremely vulnerable to disease. It is important to limit a calf’s contact with other animals and the germs those animals could spread.
Another goal is to feed a newborn calf colostrum (the mother’s first milk) shortly after birth. Colostrum is concentrated in essential proteins called immunoglobulins and is the primary source of immediate natural protection for the calf's immune system.
Dairy farm employees or veterinarians keep a close eye on both the mom (also known as a dam) and calf during and after calving to ensure the health and safety of both animals.
For more information on calf care, please visit our series on Jetta: From Calf to Cow.